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اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی گیاه Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi در تراکمهای مختلف | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 15، دوره 31، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 74، بهمن 1394، صفحه 1071-1085 اصل مقاله (239.45 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2016.105895 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| غزاله رمضان1؛ بهلول عباس‌زاده* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساوه، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در میان تنش‌های غیرزنده، خشکی مهمترین مشکل زراعی است که باعث کاهش عملکرد محصولاتی می‌شود که به‌صورت دائم یا دوره‌ای در معرض آن قرار می‌گیرند. Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi گیاهی چند‌ساله و متعلق به تیره نعناعیان می‌باشد. ایران منطقه‌ای خشک و نیمه‌خشک بوده و بیشتر زمین‌‌های زراعی با مشکل کم‌آبی مواجه می‌باشند که این پدیده عمده‌ترین دلیل کاهش عملکرد محسوب می‌شود. به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و فاصله کاشت بر گیاه Nepeta pogonosperma، تحقیقی در شرایط مزرعه در سال‌های 91-1390 در ایستگاه تحقیقات البرز (مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور) اجرا شد. این آزمایش در قالب فاکتوریل و بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. عامل فاصله کاشت در 4 سطح (20×20، 30×30، 40×40 و 50×50 سانتی‌متر) و عامل خشکی در 3 سطح آبیاری (30، 60 و 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) اعمال شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل تنش خشکی×فاصله کاشت بر قطر ساقه اصلی و درصد اسانس در سطح 5% معنی‌دار بود. اثر تنش خشکی و فاصله کاشت بر طول و عرض برگ، طول گل‌آذین، عملکرد در هکتار، درصد و عملکرد اسانس، تعداد ساقه گلدار و کل ساقه‌ها و تعداد گل‌آذین معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین تیمار‌‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین عرض برگ (mm9/15)، طول برگ (mm5/40) و عملکرد اندام هوایی در هکتار (kg/ha3391) مربوط به تیمار بدون تنش خشکی (FC %90) بود. بیشترین تعداد ساقه بدون گل (Number/plant47)، تعداد ساقه گلدار (Number/plant41)، تعداد کل ساقه (Number/plant88)، تعداد گل‌آذین (Number/plant6/15)، و بیشترین عملکرد اندام هوایی در هکتار (kg/ha5185)، درصد اسانس (21/3%) و عملکرد اسانس (kg/ha122) مربوط به فاصله کاشت 20×20 سانتی‌متر بود. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که به‌منظور دستیابی به بیشترین عملکرد اندام هوایی و عملکرد اسانس می‌توان از تراکم 20×20 در سطح تنش 60% ظرفیت زراعی استفاده کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پونه‌سای (Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi)؛ تنش خشکی؛ تراکم؛ عملکرد؛ اسانس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of drought stress on yield, content and percentage of essential oil of Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi under different plant density | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Gh. Ramezan1؛ B. Abbaszadeh2 | ||
| 1Msc. student, Department of Horticultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran | ||
| 2Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Drought stress is an important environmental factor that reduces the yield of plants. Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi is a perennial plant from Lamiaceae family. Iran is an arid and semiarid region and most of the agricultural lands are faced with drought stress; this is the main reason for reduced yield. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and planting interval on Nepeta pogonosperma, an experiment was conducted under field conditions in 2012, at Alborz research station, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Karaj, Iran. The experiment was conducted in factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Planting interval factor was in four levels (20×20, 30×30, 40×40 and 50×50 cm), and drought stress factor was in three levels (30, 60 and 90% of field capacity). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of interaction of drought stress × planting interval was significant on diameter of the main stem and the percentage of essential oil at P≤0.05. The effect of planting interval and drought stress was significant on leaf width and length, inflorescence length, yield, essential oil percentage and yield, number of flowering stems and total stems, and number of inflorescences. Mean comparison showed that the maximum leaf width (15.9 mm), leaf length (40.5 mm), and shoot yield (3391 kg/ha) were achieved in the control (90% FC), and the highest number of non-flowering stems (47), number of flowering stems (41), number of total stems (88), number of inflorescences (15), shoot yield (5185 kg/ha), essential oil percentage (3.21%) and essential oil yield (122 kg/ha) were related to 20×20 cm planting interval. The results of this study showed that in order to achieve the maximum shoot yield and essential oil yield, a planting interval of 20×20 cm at a drought level of 60%FC could be recommended. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi, Drought Stress, plant density, yield essential oil | ||
| مراجع | ||
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