| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,005 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,630 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,470,907 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 29,876,506 |
برآورد تولید بذر مازودار (Quercus infectoria) درجنگلهای بانه | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 12، دوره 23، شماره 3، مهر 1394، صفحه 516-526 اصل مقاله (271.55 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2015.105656 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زبیده کریمی1؛ زاهد شاکری* 2؛ نقی شعبانیان3 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان | ||
| 2استادیار، مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان | ||
| 3دانشیار، مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بذر درختان بلوط یک منبع مهم برای تغذیه گونه های مختلف جانوری، مصارف سنتی و همچنین استقرار زادآوری طبیعی در جنگل به‌حساب می آید. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، برآورد کمی بذر مازودار (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) در جنگلهای روستای کانی‌برد شهرستان بانه، استان کردستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ابتدا به‌منظور آگاهی از وضعیت عمومی منطقه، 20 قطعه نمونه 400 متر مربعی (20×20 متر) به روش تصادفی منظم انتخاب و مشخصه های قطر برابر سینه، ارتفاع کل، ارتفاع تنه، ارتفاع تاج، دو قطر بزرگ و کوچک تاج درختان به‌تفکیک گونه برداشت شد. برای برآورد کمی بذر محدوده ای به مساحت 80 هکتار انتخاب شد و 80 اصله درخت در دو طبقه قطری (کمتر از 25 و بیشتر از 25 سانتیمتر) و در چهار جهت جغرافیایی اصلی (درمجموع هشت سطح) گزینش شدند. همه بذرهای روی درخت در آبان 1392 با استفاده از چوب دستی برداشت و جمع آوری شد و وزن آنها با استفاده از ترازو در عرصه اندازه گیری شد. از هر درخت به‌طور تصادفی 50 عدد بذر انتخاب شد و طول، عرض و وزن آنها اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که جهت‌های جغرافیایی اثر معنی داری بر مشخصه های کمی درختان و مقدار تولید بذر نداشتند، اما درختان موجود در جهت های شمالی و شرقی بذرهای بزرگتر و سنگینتری نسبت به جهت های جنوبی و غربی تولید می‌نمایند. قطر درخت نیز اثر معنی‌دار بر تولید بذر داشت و با افزایش قطر، تولید بذر نیز افزایش می‌یابد. به‌طورکلی، میانگین تولید بذر 1/9 کیلوگرم برای هر درخت مازودار بود که مقدار آن از صفر تا 19/87 کیلوگرم و شمار آن از صفر تا 3088 برای هر درخت متغیر بود. نتایج این بررسی نشان از سال بذردهی ضعیف برای توده های مورد بررسی داشت و نتایج به‌دست‌آمده می تواند در مدیریت و برنامه ریزی توده های جنگلی غرب و همچنین ارزیابی توان تولید بذر این جنگلها مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بذر بلوط؛ جنگلهای زاگرس؛ جهت های جغرافیایی؛ شمار بذر؛ وزن بذر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimation of acorn production by gall oak (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) in Baneh forests | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Zobeideh Karimi1؛ Zahed Shakeri2؛ Naghi Shabanian3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., The Center for Research & Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Prof., The Center for Research & Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Acorns provide important food sources for wildlife. In addition, they are traditionally used by forest dwellers and promote natural regeneration within forest ecosystems. However, a sufficient acorn mass is essential for a successful regeneration establishment. Here, we estimated acorn production of gall oak (Quercus infectoria Oliv.)trees in Kanybard in Baneh forests of Kurdistan province. Stand structure and general information were obtained from 20 square plots (20×20 m), which were scattered randomly in the study area. In a homogenous area of 80 ha, 80 sample trees were selected. To evaluate the effect of tree diameter and geographical aspect on acorn production, we selected two diameter classes (25 cm) nested in four main cardinal aspects (totally 8 levels). All acorns on each tree were collected at the end of 2013 growing season and were weighted in the field. In each level, 50 acorns were selected randomly, and their weight, length and width were measured. The results showed that geographical aspect does not affect acorn production. However, oak trees on northern and eastern aspects produce bigger and heavier acorns. In addition, tree diameter was found to positively affect acorn production, i.e. thicker trees produce more acorn. In average, each gall oak tree produces 1.907 kg acorn mass which varies between 0 to 19.87 kg in weight and 0 to 3088 acorns per tree. Our result indicated a weak acorn mast year for studied forest stands, which can help forest managers to evaluate and plan for acorn production in northern Zagros forests. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Acorn, Zagros forest, geographic aspects, acorn number, acorn weight | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Anonymous, 2014. Kurdistan Meteorological Office, available at: http://www.kurdistanmet.ir/pages/default.aspx - Auchmoody, L.R., Clay Smith, H. and Walters, R.S., 1993. Acorn production in northern red oak stands in northwestern Pennsylvania. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper NE-680, 5p. - Broncano, M., Riba, M. and Retana, J., 1998. Seed germination and seedling performance of two Mediterranean tree species, holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) and Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.): A multifactor experimental approach. Plant Ecology, 138(1): 17-26. - Etemad, V., Marvi Mohadjer, M.R, Jazirehie, M.H. and Zobeiri, M., 2003. Investigation on effects of some ecological factors on beech nut production in Kheyrood-kenar Forest (Compartment 117). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 55(4): 491-508 (In Persian). - Fatahi, M., 1992. Regeneration problems of Zagros forest. Proceedings of the Conference on Regeneration Problems in Northern Zagros Forests, Kermanshah, 20p (In Persian). - Fatahi, M., 1999. Appropriate methods of seed sowing in Zagros forests. Published by Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, 259p (In Persian). - Fatahi, M., 2000. Zagros Forests Management. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 471p (In Persian). - Ghahramany, L., Salehian M. and Gazanfari, H., 2010. Comparison of forest structure utilized by traditional method with less-disturbed forest stands in northern Zagros (Case study: Baneh, western Iran). 10th International Conference of Young Scientists "Forests of Eurasia", Russia, Moscow, 69-71. - Garcia- Mozo, H., Dominguez-Vilchez, E. and Galan, C., 2012. A model to account for variations in holm-oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) acorn production in southern Spain. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 19(3): 403-408. - Gomez, J.M., 2004. Bigger is not always better: Conflicting selective pressures on seed size in Quercus ilex. The Society for the Study of Evolution, 58(1): 71-80. - Goodrum, P.D., Reid, V.H. and Boyd, C.E., 1971. Acorn yield, characteristics, and management criteria of oak for wildlife. Journal of Wildlife Management, 35(3): 520-535. - Greenberg, C.H., 2000. Individual variation in acorn production by five species of southern Appalachian oaks. Forest Ecology and Management, 132(2): 199-210. - Iranmanesh, Y., Jalali, S.G.A., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Hosseini, S.M. and Sohrabi, H., 2013. Allometric equations of biomass and carbon stocks for Quercus brantii acorn and its nutrition elements in Lordegan, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(2): 541-552 (In Persian). - Izquierdo, G., Canellas, I. and Montero, G., 2006. Acorn production in Spanish holm oak woodlands. Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Forestales, 15(3): 339-354. - Jazirehi, M.H. and Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M., 2003. Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 560p (In Persian). - Johnson, P.S., Shifley, S.R. and. Robert, R., 2002. The Ecology and Silviculture of Oaks. CABI Publishing, 503p. - Karrfalt, R.P., 2004. How acorn size influences seedling size and possible seed management choices. In: Riley, L.E., Dumroese, R.K., Landis, T.D., (Eds.). Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations, USDA Forest Service RMRS-33p., Fort Collins 117-118. - Lashely, M.A., McCord, J.M., Greenberg, C.H. and Harper, C.A., 2009. Masting characteristics of white oak implications for management. Proceedings of Annual Conference of Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Scientific Journal (JRNL), 63(1): 21-26. - Marvi Mohajer, M.R., 2005. Silviculture. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 385p (In Persian). - Namiranian, M., Henareh Khalyani, A., Zahedi Amiri, Gh. and Ghazanfari, H., 2008. Study of different restoration and regeneration techniques in northern Zagros (Case study: Armardeh oak forest, Baneh). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 15(4): 386-397 (In Persian). - Navarro, F.B., Jimenez, M.N., Ripoll, M.A., Fernandez-Ondono, E., Gallego, E. and Simon, E., 2006. Direct sowing of holm oak acorns: Effects of acorn size and soil treatment. Annals of Forest Science, 63(1): 961-967. - Panahi, P., Jamzad, Z. and Pourhashemi, M., 2009. Acorn production of Zagros forests oaks and their qualitative characteristics in Zagros section of National Botanical Garden of Iran. Journal of Forest and Wood Products (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 62(1): 45-57 (In Persian). - Pommerening, A., 2002 .Approaches to quantifying forest structures. Forestry, 75(3): 305-324. - Pons, J. and Pausas, J.G., 2012. The coexistence of acorns with different maturation patterns explains acorn production variability in Cork oak. Oecologia, 169 (3): 723-731. - Pourhashemi, M., Zande Basiri, M. and Panahi, P., 2011. Estimation of acorn production of gall oak (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) in Baneh forests by Koenig visual method. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Researches, 19(2): 194-205 (In Persian). - Pourhashemi, M., Zande Basiri, M. and Panahi, P., 2012. Evaluation of visual surveys to estimate acorn production of Gall oak (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) in Baneh. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Researches, 20(2): 243-255 (In Persian). - Rodriguez-Estevez, V., Garcia, A. and Gomez, G., 2009. Characteristics of the oak selected by free range Iberian pig montanera season, Livestock Science, 122(2-3): 169-176. - Shakeri, Z., 2007. Silviculture and ecological effect of Galazani on oak tree in Baneh forests (Kurdistan province NW Iran). M.Sc. thesis, Department of Forestry and Forest Economic, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 59p (In Persian). - Talebi, M., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. and Jahanbazi, H. 2006. Site demands and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province (western Iran). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Researches, 14(1): 67-79 (In Persian). - Valipour, A., Plieninger, T., Shakeri, Z., Ghazanfari, H., Namiranian, M. and Lexer, M.J., 2014. Traditional silvopastoral management and its effects on forest stand structure in northern Zagros Iran. Forest Ecology and Management, 327(1): 221-230. - Zolfaghari, R., Nazari, M., Karimi, Kh., Fayyaz, P. and Alvaninejad, S., 2012. Relation between seed morphological characteristics of three native oak species of Zagros with germination characteristics and seedling growth. Journal of Forest and Wood Products (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 65(1): 33-45 (In Persian). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,392 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,041 |
||