| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,109 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,666 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 49,820,200 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 80,167,821 |
تاثیر دیاکسید سیلسیوم بر دوام طبیعی و ریختشناسی چندسازه چوب پلاستیک در برابر قارچ رنگینکمان (Trametes Versicolor) | ||
| تحقیقات علوم چوب و کاغذ ایران | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 31، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 54، فروردین 1395، صفحه 14-29 اصل مقاله (1.36 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwpr.2015.105613 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعید اسمعیلی مقدم* 1؛ افسانه شهرکی2؛ فاطمه دهدست3؛ سمانه پور کرمی4 | ||
| 1باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد چالوس، چالوس، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد فرآوردههای چندسازه چوب، دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 3دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد فرآورده های چندسازه چوب دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 4دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حفاظت و اصلاح چوب دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر افزودن ذرات سیلیس بر دوام طبیعی و ریختشناسی چندسازه چوب پلاستیک در برابر قارچ رنگینکمان (Trametes Versicolor) انجام شد. آرد چوب با نسبت وزنی 60 درصد با پلیپروپیلن به همراه phc 2 انیدرید مالئیک پلیپروپیلنی مخلوط گردید. نانو و میکرو سیلیس نیز با نسبتهای وزنی 0، 1، 3 و phc 5 بهعنوان پرکننده مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. فرایند اختلاط در داخل دستگاه مخلوطکن داخلی انجام شد و نمونههای آزمونی با استفاده از دستگاه تزریق ساخته شدند. نمونههای آزمونی به مدتهای 8، 12 و 16 هفته در مجاورت قارچ رنگینکمان با دمای 25 درجه سانتیگراد و رطوبت نسبی 75 درصد مطابق با استاندارد BS 838:1961 قرار گرفتند. سپس کاهش جرم، جذب آب بلندمدت و ضریب انتشار رطوبت بر روی نمونهها انجام شد. برای اطمینان از تشکیل پیوند هیدروژنی بین سیلیس و آرد چوب از طیفسنجی مادون قرمز (FTIR) و برای ریختشناسی چندسازهها از میکروسکوپ الکترونی پویشی (SEM) استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش زمان مجاورت نمونهها در محیط قارچ، کاهش جرم، جذب آب بلندمدت و ضریب انتشار رطوبت در چوب پلاستیک افزایش یافت، اما با افزایش سیلیس، از شدت پوسیدگی نمونهها کاسته شد. تأثیر نانو ذرات سیلیس بر دوام طبیعی چندسازه چوب پلاستیک بیشتر از تأثیر میکرو ذرات سیلیس بود. نتایج طیفسنجی مادون قرمز حکایت از ایجاد پیوند هیدروژنی بین آرد چوب و سیلیس داشت. نتایج میکروسکوپ الکترونی پویشی نیز نشان داد که با افزایش مجاورت نمونهها با قارچ ترکهای ریز و درشتی در چندسازه ایجاد گردید اما با افزایش سیلیس از میزان این ترکها کاسته شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| دوام طبیعی؛ ضریب انتشار رطوبت؛ قارچ رنگین کمان؛ نانو و میکرو سیلیس؛ کاهش وزن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of silica dioxide on natural resistance and morphological study of wood plastic composite against of white rot fungi (Trametes Versicolor) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saeid Ismaeilimoghadam1؛ Afsaneh Shahraki2؛ Fatemeh Dehdast3؛ Samaneh Pourkarami4 | ||
| 1Young Researchers and Elite Club, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous | ||
| 2Graduated of M.Sc., degree of wood composite products, Zabol University, Iran | ||
| 3Graduated of M.Sc., degree of wood composite products, Zabol University, Iran | ||
| 4Graduated of M.Sc., degree of wood protection and modification, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The objective of this study was the evaluation of the addition of silica particles in composite on natural resistance and morphology of wood plastic composite against of white rot fungi (Trametes Versicolor). Wood flour at the ratio of 60% (w/w), polypropylene and 2 per hundred compound (phc) MAPP was mixed. Nano and micro silica at 0, 1, 3 and 5 (phc) were added as filler. The mixing process in internal mixer (HAAKE) was done and test specimens were prepared using injection molding. The test specimens were exposed to Trametes Versicolor fungi for 8, 12 and 16 weeks at 25 oC and 75% humidity according to BS 838:1961. Then the mass loss, long-term water absorption and humidity coefficient diffusion of the samples were measured. The formation of hydrogen bonds between silica and wood flour was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the morphology of composite was stydied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that with increasing period of samples exposure to fungi, the mass loss, long-term water absorption and humidity coefficient diffusion in wood plastic composite increased. However at higher silica, decay in the samples was decreased. The effect of silica nanoparticles on natural resistance of wood plastic composite was higher than sample containing silica micro particles. Infrared spectroscopy showed hydrogen bonds between wood flour and silica. The result of scanning electron microscopy showed that with increasing of exposure time to fungi, small and large cracks in composite were created. However increasing silica addition, these cracks were decreased. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Natural resistance, humidity coefficient diffusion, TRAMETES VERSICOLOR, nano and micro silica, mass loss | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2011. Standard guide for evaluating mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composite products. Annual book of ASTM standards. Philadelphia. ASTM D7031-04. - American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2012. Standard practice for injection molding test specimens of thermoplastic molding and materials. ASTM D3641-12. Annual book of ASTM standards. - American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2013. Standard practice for conditioning plastics for testing. ASTM D618-13. For testing. ASTM D618-99. Annual book of ASTM standards. Philadelphia. - Ammala, A., Hill, A., Meakin, P., Pas, S. and Turney, T., 2002. Degradation studies of polyolefins incorporating transparent nanoparticulate zinc oxide UV stabilizers. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 4: 167-174. - BehzadiShahrebabk, A., Madhoushi, M. and MastriFarahani, M.R., 2014. Investigation the physical properties and decay resistance of medium density fiberboard sanding dust/high density polyethylene/nanoclay composite. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 29(2): 287- 298. - British Standard 838. 1961. Method of test for toxicity of wood preservatives to fungi. Philadelphia, PA., USA. - Chae, D.W. and Kim, B.C., 2007. Effects of introducing silica particles on the rheological properties and crystallization behavior of poly (ethylene terephthalate). J. Mater. Sci, 42(4): 1238–1244. - Chow, C.P.L., Xing, X.S. and Li, R.K.Y., 2007. Moisture absorption studies of sisal fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Journal of Composites Part B, 67: 306-313. - Enoki, A., Tanaka, H. and Fuse, G., 1988. Physical and chemical characteristics of glycopeptide from wood decay fungi. Holzforchung,42: 85-93. - Espert, A., Vilaplana, F. and Karlsson S., 2004. Comparison of Water Absorption in Natural Cellulosic Fibers from Wood and one-year Crops in Polypropylene Composites and its Influence on their Mechanical Properties. Journal of Composites Part A, 35: 1267-1276. - Farahani, M.R. and Banikarim, F., 2013. Effect of Nano-Zinc Oxide on Decay Resistance of Wood-Plastic Composite. Journal of Bioresources, 8(4): 5715-5720. - Farahani, M.R. and Saffarzadeh, F., 2011. Decay resistance of a commercial pistachio twig-plastic composite. International Research Group on Wood Protection, IRG/WP 11-10745. - Farhadyar, N., Rahimi, A. and Ershad-Langroudi, A., 2005. Synthesis and Characterization of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nano- Composite based on Tetramethoxysilane and Epoxy Resin by Sol-Gel Method. Iran. J. Polym. Sci. Technol,18: 19-27. - Ghorbani Kokandeh, M., Doosthoseini, K., Karimi, A.N. and Mohebby, B., 2012. Biological resistance of acetylated particleboards exposed to white (Trametes versicolor) and brown (Coniophora puteana) rot fungi. Journal of Forest and Wood Products (JFWP). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 65(1): 47-56. - Hosseini Hashemi, K., Modirzare, M., Safdari, V. and Kord, B., 2011. Decay resistance, hardness, water absorption, and thickness swelling of a bagasse fiber/plastic composite. Bioresources, 6(3): 3289-3299. - Ibach R.E., Clemons, C.M. and Schumann, R.L., 2007. Wood-plastic composites with reduced moisture: Effects of chemical modification on durability in the laboratory and field. 9th International Conference on Wood and Biofibre Plastic Composites,Madison, Wisconsin, USA. - Ismaeilimoghadam, S., Shamsian, M., Bayat Kashkoli, A. and Kord, B., 2015. Evaluation of effect of Nano SiO2 on the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of hybrid Nano composite from polypropylene-wood flour. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 30(2): 266-277. - Kahru, A. and Dubourguier, H.C., 2010. From ecotoxicology to nanoecotoxicology. Toxicology, 269: 105-119. - Kazemi, S., Kiaeifar, A., Tajvidi, M. and Hamidinia, E., 2007. Water Absorption Behavior and Thickness Swelling Rate of Composites from Sawdust and Recycled Plastics. Journal of Reinforced Plastic and Composites, 26(3): 341-348. - Kord, B. and Taghizadeh Haratbar, D., 2014. Influence of fiber surface treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of wood flour-reinforced polypropylene bionanocomposites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, DOI: 10.1177/0892705714551592. - Kord, B., Jari, E., Najafi, A. and Tazakorrezaie, V., 2014. Effect of Nano clay on the Decay Resistance and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites against White-rot Fungi (Trametes Versicolor). Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, DOI: 0892705712465302. - Lamy, R., Zunic, E., Steding, R. and Aamodt, A., 2011. Preparation of Stable Slurries of Spherically Shaped Silica for Coatings. Prog. Org. Coat, 72: 96-101. - Liu, X.Q., Wang, Y., Yang, W., Liu, Z.Y., Luo, Y., Xie, B.H. and Yang, M.B., 2012. Control of morphology and properties by the selective distribution of Nano-silica particles with different surface characteristics in PA6/ABS blends. Journal of Materials Science, 47(11): 4620-4631. - Lomeli-Ramirez, M.G., Ochoa-Ruiz, H.G., Fuentes-Talavera, F.G., Garcia-Enriquez, S., Cerpa-Gallegos, M.A. and Silva-Guzman, J.A., 2009. Evaluation of accelerated decay of wood plastic composites by Xylophages fungi. International Bio deterioration & Biodegradation 63(8): 1030-1035. - Mankowski, M. and Morrell, J.J., 2000. Patterns of fungal attack in wood-plastic composite following exposure in a soil block test. Wood and Fiber Science, 32(3): 340-345. - Mohebby, B., 2003. Biological attack of acetylated wood. Ph.D. Thesis, Gottingen University, Gottingen, p. 147. - Morrell, J.J., Stark, N.M., Pandleton, D.E. and McDonald, A.G., 2006. Durability of wood-plastic composite. Wood Design Focus, 16(3): 7-10. - Najafi, A. and Khademi-Eslam, H., 2011. Lignocellulosic filler/recycled HDPE composites: effect of filler type on physical and flexural properties. Bioresources.com, 6(3): 2411-2424. - Najafi, A., 2010. Effect of Immersion Temperature on Long-term Water Uptake Behavior of HDPE/Wood sawdust Composite. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 1(1): 37-44. - Pandleton, D.E., Hoffard, T., Adcock, T., Woodward, B. and Wolcott, M.P., 2002. Durability of an Extruded HDPE/Wood Composite. Forest Products Journal, 52: 6-15. - Parvinzadeh Gashti, M., Moradian, S., Rashidi, A. and Yazdanshenas, M.E., 2012. Effect of Nanosilica Type on Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalane/Silica Nanocomposite. Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 25(3): 203-219. - Pendelton, D. and Hoffard, T., 2002. Durability of an extruded HDPE/wood composite. Forest product Journal, 52(6): 21-27. - Quercia, G., Spiesz, P., Husken, G. and Brouwers, J., 2012. Effects of Amorphous Nano silica addition on mechanical and durability performance of scc mixture. International congress on durability of concrete, 8-12. - Rabiee, A., Ershad Langroudi, A., Jamshidi, H. and Gilani, M., 2013. Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposite of Polyacrylamide/Silica-Nanoparticles. Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 25(5): 405-414. - Rasouli, D., Faezipour, M. and Masteri Farahani, M.R., 2015. Effects of nano zinc oxide and micro zinc borate on the durability of wood flour/HDPE composite. J. of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 21(4): 131-145. - Roohani, M., Habibi,Y., Belgacem, N.M., Ebrahim, G., Karimi, A.N. and Dufresne, A., 2008. Cellulose whiskers reinforced polyvinyl alcohol copolymers nanocomposites. European Polymer Journal, 44(8): 2489–2498. - Roohani, M., Kord, B., Motie, N. and Sharari, M., 2014. Biiodegradattiion behaviiors off cellllullose nanocrysttalls --PVA nanocomposiittes, Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 5(2): 1-13. - Sain, M., Suhara, P., Law, S. and Bloullooux, A., 2005. Interface modification and mechanical properties of natural fiber-polyolefin composite products. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 24(2): 121-130. - Tian, X., Zhang, X., Liu, W., Zheng, J., Ruan, C. and Cui, P., 2006. Preparation and properties of poly (ethylene terephthalate)–silica Nano composites. Journal of Macromolecular Science, 45(4): 507-513. - Varhey, S.A. and Lakes, P.E., 2002. Fungal resistance of wood fiber/thermoplastic composites, enhancing the durability of lumber and engineered wood product. Orlando, Florida, USA. - Xanthos, M. 2005. Functional fillers for plantics. Wiley, Weinheim. - Yao, X., Tian, X., Zhang, X., Zheng, K., Zheng, J., Wang, R., Kang, S. and Cui, P., 2009. Preparation and Characterization of Poly (butylenes terephthalate)/Silica Nanocomposites. Polym. Eng. Sci,49: 799–807. - Zabihzadeh, S.M., Hosseini Hashemi, S.K., Mehregan Nikoo, H. and Sepidehdam, S.M.J., 2009. Influence of fungal decay on physico-mechanical properties of a commercial extruded bagasse/PP composite. Journal of Reinforced Plastic and Composite, DOI: 0974275184205302. - Zhang, X., Tian, X., Zheng, J., Yao, X., Liu, W., Cui, P. and Li, Y., 2008. Relationship between microstructure and tensile properties of PET/Silica Nano composite fibers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, 47(2): 368–377. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,589 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,054 |
||