| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,036 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,971 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,666,931 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 76,595,927 |
تحلیل الگوی مکانی و رقابت درون‌گونه ای در تیپ خالص بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey.) با استفاده از آماره O- ring (مطالعه موردی: جنگل شاهد نکا) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 23، شماره 2، تیر 1394، صفحه 294-306 اصل مقاله (336.59 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2015.103014 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فریده امیدوار حسینی1؛ رضا اخوان* 2؛ هادی کیادلیری3؛ اسداله متاجی4 | ||
| 1کارشناس ارشد جنگل‌داری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات | ||
| 2دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 3استادیار گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات | ||
| 4دانشیار گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات | ||
| چکیده | ||
| الگوی مکانی درختان در مراحل مختلف زندگی داده‌های مهمی در رابطه با فرآیندهایی که تجدید حیات و توالی جنگل را هدایت می‌کنند، در اختیار قرار می دهد. رقابت از عامل های تأثیرگذار بر ساختار جنگل است. شناخت رقابت در جنگل به‌ویژه هنگامی اهمیت دارد که هدف از مدیریت جنگل، تقلید از پویایی بوم نظامهای طبیعی باشد. برای این منظور یک پارسل مدیریت‌نشده به مساحت 26 هکتار در منطقه نکا انتخاب شد و کلیه درختان بلندمازو با قطر برابر سینه بیشتر از 7/5 سانتی‌متر مورد اندازه‌گیری قطر قرار گرفتند و مختصات دکارتی آنها تعیین شد. سپس درختان اندازه‌گیری‌شده براساس قطر برابر سینه به چهار طبقه کم‌قطر، میان‌قطر، قطور و خیلی قطور تقسیم شدند. بررسی الگوی مکانی و رقابت درون‌گونه‌ای بلندمازو به ترتیب با توابع تک متغیره و دومتغیره آماره او- رینگ (O- ring) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی مکانی درختان به‌دلیل سنگین بودن بذر بلندمازو و فراوانی زیاد درختان جوان، در فاصله‌های کوتاه خوشه‌ای و سپس با بزرگ شدن مقیاس بررسی تصادفی می‌شود. همچنین مشخص شد که درختان بلندمازو دارای اثرات رقابتی مثبت و منفی متفاوتی در طبقه‌‌های مختلف قطری نسبت به هم هستند که در فاصله های متفاوتی با توجه به اندازه درختان اتفاق می‌افتد که متأثر از نورپسندی، محدودیت پراکنش بذر و رقابت درون‌گونه‌ای این گونه است. با توجه به اینکه پراکنش بلندمازو از الگوی تصادفی پیروی کرده است، بنابراین دخالت‌های جنگل‌شناسی باید علاوه‌بر ملاحظه سایر عامل های مؤثر در نشانه‌گذاری، به‌گونه ای باشد که برداشت فقط به‌صورت پایه ای و تصادفی انجام شود و توده به‌سمت الگوی تصادفی سوق داده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آماره O- ring؛ الگوی مکانی؛ بلندمازو؛ توده دست‌نخورده؛ رقابت درون گونه ای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Spatial patterns and intra-specific competition of Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.) using O- ring statistic (Case study: Neka Forest, Iran) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farideh Omidvar Hosseini1؛ Reza Akhavan2؛ Hadi Kia-Daliri3؛ Asadollah Mataji4 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Forestry, Forestry Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof., Forestry Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Prof., Forestry Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The spatial patterns of trees in different stages of their life provide important information related to forest regeneration and succession processes. Since competition affects forest structure, understanding competition is important when forest management aims to imitate the dynamics of natural ecosystems. For this purpose, an unmanaged control forest was selected with 26 hectares area. All Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia) trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 7.5 cm were measured, and their Cartesian coordinates were recorded. Based on their DBH, the measured trees were then divided into four classes of small timber, medium timber, large timber and extra-large timber. The univariate and bivariate O- ring statistic were used to investigate the spatial patterns and to examine the intra-specific competition, respectively. Results showed cluster spatial pattern in short distances due to heavy seed and high regeneration frequency, which was later changed to random distribution as distance increased. Moreover, interactions between diameter size classes showed that oak trees with different sizes had different positive (attraction) and negative (repulsion) interactions which occurred at different scales based on the size of trees, influenced by light-demanding, limited seed dispersal and intra-specific competition of oak trees. Since the Chestnut-leaved oak trees showed random distribution, the silvicultural interventions should thus be based on individuals and random single selection to create random spatial patterns in the stand. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| O- ring statistic, Spatial patterns, chestnut-leaved oak, untouched stand, intra-specific competition | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Akhavan, R. and Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., 2012. Application of bivariate Ripley's K- function for studying competition and spatial association of trees (Case study: intact Oriental beech stands in Kelardasht). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(4): 632-644 (In Persian). - Akhavan, R., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Hassani, M. and Parhizkar, P., 2010. Spatial patterns in untouched beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands over forest development stages in Kelardasht region of Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(2): 322-336 (In Persian). - Akhavan, R., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Zenner, E.K. and Safavimanesh, F., 2012. Spatial patterns in different forest development stages of an intact old-growth Oriental beech forest in the Caspian region of Iran. European Journal of Forest Research, 131: 1355-1366. - Anonymous, 2008. Forest Management Plan of Neka-Zalemrood. 200p (In Persian). - Barot, S., Gignoux, J. and Menaut, J.C., 1999, Demography of a Savanna Palm tree: predictions from comprehensive spatial pattern analyses. Ecology, 80: 1987-2005. - Besag, J., 1977. Contribution to the discussion of Dr. Ripley's paper. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, B(39): 193-195. - Cheng, X., Han, H., Kang, F., Song, Yali. and Liu, K., 2013. Point pattern analysis of different life stages of Quercus liaotungensis in Lingkong Mountain, Shanxi Province, China. Journal of Plant Interactions, 8: 1-9. - Cressie, N.A.C. 1993. Statistics for Spatial Data. Wiley, New York, 900p. - Duncan, R.P., 1993. Testing for life historical changes in spatial patterns of four tropical tree species in Westland, New Zealand. Journal of Ecology, 81: 403-416. - Erfanifard, Y. and Mahdian, F., 2012. Comparative investigation on the methods of true spatial pattern analysis of trees in forests, Case study: Wild pistachio research forest, Fars province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(1): 62-73 (In Persian). - Fajardo, A., Goodburn, J.M. and Graham, J., 2006. Spatial patterns of regeneration in managed uneven-aged Ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of Western Montana, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 223: 255-266. - Golbabaei, F. Ebrahimi, G. Kargarfard, A. and Fakhryan, A., 2007. Variation in Mechanical properties of oak (Quercus castanefolia C.A.Mey) wood grown of Shafarod Forests (Gilan), Iran. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 22(1): 41-50. - Hao, Z., Zhang, J., Song, B., Ye, J. and Li, B., 2007. Vertical structure and spatial associations of dominant tree species in an old-growth temperate forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 252: 1-11. - Illian, J., Penttinen, A., Stoyan, H. and Stoyan, D., 2008. Statistical Analysis and Modeling of Spatial Point Patterns. John Wiley & Sons, 556p. - Jayaraman, K., 2000. A Statistical Manual for Forestry Research. FORSPA-FAO Publication, 240p. - Karimi, M., Pormajidian, M.R., Jalilvand, H. and Safari, A., 2012. Preliminary study for application of O-ringfunction in determination of small-scale spatial pattern and interaction species (Case study: Bayangan forests, Kermanshah). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(4): 608-621 (In Persian). - Kneeshaw, D.D. and Bergeron, Y., 1998. Canopy gap characteristics and tree replacement in the southeastern boreal forest. Ecology, 79: 783-794. -Lan, G., Getzin, S., Wiegand, T., Hu, Y., Xie, G., Zhu, H. and Cao, M., 2012. Spatial distribution and interspecific associations of tree species in a tropical seasonal rain forest of China. Journal PLOS ONE, 9: 1-9. - Luis, M.D., Raventos, J., Wiegand, T. and Hidalgo, C.H., 2008. Temporal and spatial differentiation in seedling emergence may promote species coexistence in Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems. Ecography, 31: 620-629. - Marin, A., 2011. Spatial analysis of a mixed beech, spruce and fir stand in the eastern Alps.M.Sc. thesis, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Padua, 71p. - Moeur, M. 1993. Characterizing spatial patterns of tree using stem-mapped data. Forest Science, 39: 756-775. - Nakashizuka, T., 2001. Species coexistence in temperate, mixed deciduous forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 16: 205-210. - Ning, M., Shirong, L., Hoang, Y., Zuomin, S., Timothy, M. and Yu, L., 2014. Spatial analysis of remnant tree effects in a secondary Abies- Betula forest on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Forest Ecology and Management, 313: 104-111. - Nishimura, N., Hara, T., Miura, M., Manabe, T. and Yamamoto, S., 2002. Tree competition and species coexistence in a warm-temperate old-growth evergreen broad-leaved forest in Japan. Plant Ecology, 164: 235-248. - Quinn, J.F. and Dunham, A.E., 1983. On hypothesis testing in ecology and evolution. American Naturalist, 122: 602-617. - Rozas, V., Zas, R. and Solla, A., 2009. Spatial structure of deciduous forest stands with contrasting human influence in northwest Spain. European Journal of Forest Research, 128: 273-285. - Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. and Schütz, J-Ph., 2002. The structure of natural oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) in the Caspian region of Iran and potential for the application of the group selection system. Forestry, 75(4): 465-472. - Salas, C., LeMay, V., Nunez, P., Pacheco, P. and Espinosa, A., 2006. Spatial patterns in an old growth Nothofagus oblique forest in south-central Chile. Forest Ecology and Management, 231: 38-46. - Sánchez, M., Moore, M.M., Bakker, J.D. and Parysow, P.F. 2009. 108 years of change in spatial pattern following selective harvest of a Pinus ponderosa stand in northern Arizona, USA. Journal of Vegetation Science, 20: 1-12. - Stoll, P. and Bergius, E., 2005. Pattern and process: competition causes regular spacing of individuals within plant populations. Journal of Ecology, 93: 395-403. - Stoyan, D. and Penttinen, A., 2000. Recent application of point process methods in forest statistics. Statistical Science, 15: 61-78. - Wiegand, T., Moloney, K.A., Naves, J. and Knauer, F., 1999. Finding the missing link between landscape structure and population dynamics: a spatially explicit perspective. American Naturalist, 154: 605-627 - Wiegand, K., Jeltsch, F. and Ward, D., 2000. Do spatial effects play a role in the spatial distribution of desert-dwelling Acacia raddiana? Journal of Vegetation Science, 11: 473-484. - Wiegand, T. and Moloney, K.A., 2004. Rings, circles, and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology. OIKOS, 104: 209-229. - Wiegand, T., Gunatilleke, S. and Okuda, T., 2007. Analyzing the structure of a SriLankan trees species with multiple scales of clustering. Ecology, 88(12): 3088-3102. - Woodall, C.W. and Graham, J.M., 2004. A technique for conducting point pattern analysis of cluster plot stem- maps. Forest Ecology and Management, 198: 31-37. - Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Peng, S., Yirdaw, E. and Wu, N., 2009. Spatial structure of Alpine trees in mountain Baima Xueshan on the southeast Tibetan plateau. Silva Fennica, 43(2): 197-208. - Zhu, Y., Xiangcheng, X., Ren, H. and Ma, K., 2010. Density dependence is prevalent in a heterogeneous subtropical forest. Oikos, 119: 109-119. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,777 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 879 |
||