| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,846 |
| تعداد مقالات | 32,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 41,387,034 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 18,562,153 |
تأثیر سطوح مختلف آمیختگی توسکا و صنوبر بر جمعیت فرانکیا در خاک | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 23، شماره 2، تیر 1394، صفحه 256-268 اصل مقاله (219.94 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2015.103010 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احسان کهنه* 1؛ امیر لکزیان2؛ علیرضا آستارایی3؛ کاظم خاوازی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 2استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 4دانشیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امروزه از کاشت مخلوط درختان تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن برای تأمین نیاز عناصر غذایی صنوبرکاری‌ها استفاده میشود، اما این امر می تواند با کاهش تعداد گیاه میزبان در هکتار بر جمعیت فرانکیای خاک تأثیر منفی داشته باشد. برای مطالعه تأثیر سطوح مختلف آمیختگی توسکا با صنوبر بر جمعیت فرانکیا در خاک، آزمایشی در قالب آماری بلوک های کامل تصادفی با پنج تیمار شامل نسبت‌های 100، 70، 50 و 30 درصد آمیختگی صنوبر Populus deltoides 77/51 با توسکای ییلاقی (Aluns subcordata) با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات صنوبر صفرابسته انجام شد. جمعیت فرانکیا در خاک به روش بیشترین تعداد محتمل (MPN) و میزبانی نهال های توسکای ییلاقی تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که توسکا در سطوح مختلف آمیختگی باعث افزایش رشد ارتفاعی و قطری صنوبرها، بهبود وضعیت عناصر غذایی، کربن آلی و pH خاک و افزایش غلظت نیتروژن و پتاسیم در برگ‌های صنوبر نسبت به تیمار خالص صنوبر شده است. همچنین نتایج جمعیت فرانکیا نشان داد که خاک تیمارهای مختلف با یکدیگر ازنظر آماری تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. بیشترین و کمترین جمعیت، 49/17 و 0/89 عدد در گرم خاک، به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای توسکا و صنوبر خالص مشاهده شد. جمعیت فرانکیا با ارتفاع درخت توسکا، مقادیر فسفر و پتاسیم قابل دسترس خاک همبستگی منفی معنی دار داشت، اما با قطر درخت توسکا، pH خاک و عناصر غذایی برگ رابطه مثبت و معنی داری را نشان داد. نتایج پژوهش پیش‌رو نشان داد که فرانکیا در رشد و تأمین عناصر غذایی مورد نیاز درختان مؤثر بوده است و کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص صنوبر باعث افزایش جمعیت فرانکیا شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| توسکای ییلاقی؛ صنوبر دلتوئیدس؛ فرانکیا؛ کشت مخلوط؛ گره زایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of mixed plantation of alder and poplar on population of Frankia nodulation in soil | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ehsan Kahneh1؛ Amir Lakzian2؛ Alireza Astaraii3؛ Kazem Khavazi4 | ||
| 1Ph. D. Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 2Prof., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Prof., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 4Associate Prof., Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Nowadays, nitrogen-fixing tree species are often planted in combination with poplar to provide nutrients, though this can reduce the number of host plants and have a negative impact on soil Frankia population. In order to study the effects of mixed plantation of Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata) and poplar (Populus deltoides) on Frankia nodulation potential, an experiment was carried out within a randomized block design. Five different mixtures of 17–years old P. deltoides (P) and A. subcordata (A) (100A, 70A30p, 50A50P, 30A70 and 100P) were established in Safrabasteh Poplar Research Station in Guilan province of Iran. The results showed that the presence of alder in mixture with poplar positively affected the diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of poplar trees. Mixed plantations with alder can improve Soil pH and the amount of soil nutrients and organic carbon. Furthermore, foliar nutrient concentrations of poplar trees were higher in mixed plantations than in pure plantations. The results of Frankia population analysis showed significant difference between the soils across different species mixture classes. The highest and lowest levels of Frankia population were observed in the rhizosphere soil of pure alder (49.17 g-1 soil) and pure poplar (0.89 g-1 soil), respectively. The Frankia population was negatively correlated with amounts of available P and K, yet it was positively correlated with pH. In addition, Frankia population showed positive and negative correlations with alder DBH and height, respectively. These results confirmed the effects of plant-host density on the viability and population of Frankia. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Alnus subcordata, POPULUS DELTOIDES, Frankia, mixed plantation, nodulation potential | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Asadi, F., Naderishahab, M.A. and Mirzaii-Nadoshan, H., 2001. Genetic diversity of Poplar clones using random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) DNA. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 50: 36-44. - Binkley, D., 1983. Ecosystem production in Douglas-fir plantations: Interaction of red alder and sit fertility. Forest Ecology and Management, 5(3): 215-227. - Binkley, D., 1986. Forest Nutrition. John Wiley Press, New York, 290p. - Binkley, D. and Ryan M.G., 1998. Net primary production and nutrient cycling in replicated stands of Eucalyptus saligna and Albizia facaltaria. Forest Ecology and Management, 112: 79-85. - Campbell, G.E., and Dawson, J.O., 1989. Growth, yield, and value projections for black walnut inter plantings with black alder and autumn olive. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 6: 129-132. - Côté, B., and Camiré, C., 1986. Determining the extension of edge effect in small plots using type I and type II error rates. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 16(4): 710-712. - Dawson, J.O., 1983. Dinitrogen fixation in forest ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 29: 979-992. - Dawson, J.O., 1986. Actinorhizal plants: Their use in forestry and agriculture. Outlook on Agriculture, 15:202-208. - Dawson, J.O., 1990. Interactions among actinorhizal and associated species. The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants, Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 299-316. - Dawson, J.O., and Klemp, M.T., 1987. Variation in the capacity of black alder to nodulate in central Illinois soils. In: Hay, R.L., Woods, F.W. and Deselm, H. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Central Hardwoods Forest Conference, pp. 255-260. Department of Forestry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. - Dawson, J.O. and Sun, S.H., 1981. The effect of isolates from Comptonia peregrina and Alnus crispa on the growth of Alnus glutinosa, A. cordata, and A. incana clones. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 11: 758-762. - Hahn, D.M., Starrenburg, J.C. and Akkermans, A.D.L., 1988. Variable compatibility of cloned Alnus glutinosa ecotypes against ineffective Frankia strains. Plant Soil, 107: 233-243. - Hansen, E.A. and Dawson, J.O., 1982. Effect of Alnus glutinosa on hybrid Populus height growth in a short-rotation intensively cultured plantation. Forest Science, 28: 49-59. - Hilger, A.B., Tanaka, Y. and Myrold, D.D., 1991. Inoculation of fumigated nursery soil increases nodulation and yield of bare-root red alder (Alnus rubra Bong). New Forests, 5: 35-42. - Hoagland, D.R., Arnon, D.I., 1950. The water culture method for growing plant without soil, California Agricultural Experiment Station: Circular, 347. - Hosseinzadeh Rad, F., 2003. Investigation on effect of Alnus subcordata on growth and production of Poplar in Astaneh Ashrafieh. M.Sc. thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, 89p (In Persian). - Houwers, A., and Akkermans, A.D.L., 1981. Influence of inoculation on yield of Alnus glutinosa in the Netherlands. Plant Soil, 61: 189-202. - Huss-Danell, K., 1997. Actinorhizal symbioses and their N2 fixation. New Phytologist, 136: 375-405. - Huss-Danell, K. and Frej, A.K., 1986. Distribution of Frankia in soils from forest and afforestation sites in northern Sweden, Plant and Soil, 90: 407-418. - Jobidon, R. and Thibault, J.R., 1982. Allelopathic growth inhibition of nodulated and unnodulated Alnus crispa seedlings by Populus balsamifera. American Journal of Botany, 69: 1213-1223. - Karimi, G.H., 2000. Investigation of growth, product and wood physical qualities of Poplar clones (comparison populetum) in two research station, Guilan (Safrabasteh) and Karaj (Alborz Research Center), M.Sc. thesis, Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center, Tehran, 133p (In Persian). - Khanna, P.K., 1997. Comparison of growth and nutrition of young monocultures and mixed stands of Eucalyptus globules and Acacia mearnsii. Forest Ecology and Management, 94(1-3): 105-113. - Kiadaliri, S.H., 2003: Study of Populus Plantations on Different Soils in Western Parts of Mazandaran. Published by University of Tarbiat Modares, 105p (In Persian). - Knowlton, S., Berry, A. and Torrey, J.G., 1980. Evidence that associated soil bacteria may influence root hair infection of actinorhizal plants by Frankia. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 26: 971-977 - Kuo, S., 1996. Phosphorus. In Sparks, D.L. (Ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis; Part 3, pp. 869-919, SSSA Book Series 5, Madison, WI. - Kurdali, F.A., Domenach, M. and Bardin, R., 1990. Alder-poplar associations: Determination of plant nitrogen sources by isotope techniques. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 9: 321-329. - MacConnell I.T. and Bond, G., 1957. A comparison of the effect of combined nitrogen on nodulation in non-legumes and legumes. Plant and Soil, 8: 378-388. - Martin, K.J., Posavatz1, N.J. and Myrold, D.D., 2003. Nodulation potential of soils from red alder stands covering a wide age range. Plant and Soil, 254: 187-192. - Maunuksela, L., Zepp, K., Koivula, T., Zeyer, J., Haahtela, K. and Hahn, D., 1999. Analysis of Frankia populations in three soils devoid of actinorhizal plants. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 28: 11-21. - Myrold, D.D. and Huss-Danell, K., 1994. Population dynamics of Alnus infective Frankia in a forest soil with and without host trees. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 20: 533-540. - Nelson, D. and Sommers, L., 1980. Total nitrogen of soil and plant tissue. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 63: 770-778. - Olsen, R.A., Odham, G. and Linderberg, G.,1971. Aromatic substances in leaves of Populus tremula inhibiters of mycorrhizal fungi. Physiologia Plantarum, 25: 122-129. - Parrotta, J.A., 1999. Productivity, nutrient cycling, and succession in single and mixed species plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus robusta, and Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto Rico. Forest Ecology and Management, 124(1): 45-77. - Puladi, N., Delavar, M.A., Golchin, A. and Mosavi Koper, A., 2012. Effects of plantation on soil quality indicators and carbon sequestration in Safrabasteh Poplar Research Station in Guilan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 20(1): 84-95 (In Persian). - Quispel, A., 1954. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in non-leguminous plants; II. The influence of some environmental conditions on different phases of the nodulation process in Alnus glutinosa. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 7: 191-204. - Righetti, T.L., Chard, C.H. and Backhaus, R.A., 1986. Soil and environmental factors related to nodutation in Cowania and Purshia. Plant and Soil, 91: 147-160. - SAS Institute, 2003. JMP: Statistics and Graphics Guide, version 5.1.SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 792p. - Sayyad, E., Hosseini, S.M., Mokhtari, J., Mahdavi, R., Jalali, S.G., Akbarinia, M. and Tabari, M., 2006. Comparison of growth, nutrition and soil properties of pure and mixed stands of Populus deltoides and Alnus Subcordata. Silva Fennica, 40(1): 27-35. - Schwintzer, C.R. and Tjepkema, J.D., 1990. The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants. Academic Press, San Diego. - Smolander, A., 1990. Frankia populations in soils under different tree species - with special emphasis on soils under Betula pendula. Plant Soil, 121: 1-10. - Smolander, A. and Sarsa, M.L., 1990. Frankia strains of soil under Betula pendula: behavior in soil and in pure culture. Plant Soil, 122: 129-136. - Smolander, A. and Sundman, V., 1987. Frankia in acid soils of forests devoid of actinorhizal plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 70: 297-303. - Sumner, M.E. and Miller, W.P., 1996. Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. In: Sparks, D.L. (Ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3, SSSA Book Series 5, SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 1201-1229. - Thomas, G.W., 1996. Soil pH and Soil Acidity. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 (Sparks, .L., ed.). SSSA Book Series 5, Madison, WI, pp. 475-490. - Tian, G., Kang, B. T. and Brussard, L., 1992. Biological effects of plant residues with contrasting chemical compositions under humid tropical conditions: decomposition and nutrient release. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 24: 1051-1060. - Van Dijk, C., 1984. Ecological Aspects of Spore Formation in the Frankia-Alnus Symbiosis. Ph.D. thesis, University of Leiden. - Van Miegroet, H. and Cloe, D.W., 1985. Acidification sources in red alder and douglas-fir soils; Importance of nitrification. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 49: 1274-1279. - Weber, A., Nurmiaho-Lassila, E. L. and Sundman, V., 1987. Features of the intrageneric Alnus-Frankia specificity. Physiologia Plantarum, 70: 289-296. - Wollum, A.G. and Youngberg, C.T., 1969. The effect of soil temperature on nodulation of Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. Soil Science Society of America Proceeding, 33: 801-803. - Wollum, A.G., Youngberg, C.T. and Chichester, F.W., 1968. Relation of previous timber stand age to nodulation of Ceanothus velutinus. Forest Science, 14: 114-118. - Wolters, D. J., Akkermans, A.D.L. and Van Dijk, C., 1997. Ineffective Frankia strains in wet stands of Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn. in the Netherlands. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29(11/12): 1707-1712. - Younger, P.D. and Kapustka, L.A., 1983. N2 (C2H2) ase activity by Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Betulaceae) in the northern hardwood forest. American Journal of Botany, 70(1): 30-39. - Zou, X., 1993. Species effects on earthworm density in tropical tree plantations in Hawaii. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 15: 35-38. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,629 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,085 |
||