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بررسی کارآیی Pythium oligandrum درکنترل بیولوژیک Rhizoctonia solani عامل بیماری مرگ گیاهچه‌ی چغندرقند در شرایط گلخانه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 3، شماره 1، خرداد 1394، صفحه 57-71 اصل مقاله (564.13 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2015.103002 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فریبرز فرخی1؛ محمد حاجیان شهری* 2؛ محمد سالاری3؛ حمید روحانی4 | ||
| 1گروه گیاه‌پزشکی دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 2عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات خراسان رضوی و رییس سازمان نظام مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی | ||
| 3هیات علمی دانشگاه زابل | ||
| 4هیات علمی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| چغندرقند، در ایران یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات زراعی به‌شمار می‌آید و بیماری مرگ گیاهچه، پوسیدگی ریشه و سوختگی برگ ناشی از Rhizotonia solani یکی از مهم‌ترین علل کاهش عملکرد آن می‌باشد. ازآنجایی که استفاده از روش شیمیایی در کنترل آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی موجب بروز مشکلات زیست محیطی عدیده‌ای می‌شود، لذا در این تحقیق، از شش جدایه‌ی Pythium oligandrum به‌دست آمده از خاک مزارع چغندرقند استان خراسان رضوی که در شرایط آزمایشگاه دامنه‌ی میانگین بازدارندگی‌شان از رشد R. solani 09/32 تا 36/71 درصد بود، استفاده شد و کارآیی آن‌ها در کنترل بیولوژیک بیماری مرگ گیاهچه‌ی ناشی از R. solaniدرگلخانه با شرایط متفاوت (روش‌ها و زمان‌های مختلف کاربرد آنتاگونیست در خاک سترون و غیرسترون) بررسی گردید. این تحقیق به‌صورت 5 آزمایش جداگانه و هر یک در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تا 6 تیمار بر حسب آزمایش و 4 تکرار انجام گرفت. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که در میان جدایه‌های مختلف آنتاگونیست، جدایه‌ی تربت جام بیشترین تأثیر را درکنترل بیماری مرگ گیاهچه داشته است. افزودن زادمایه P. oligandrum یک هفته قبل از R. solani به‌خاک، علاوه برافزایش میزان جوانه‌زنی بذر چغندرقند نسبت به شاهدآلوده، بیماری مرگ گیاهچه را نیز به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 66 و36 درصد در خاک سترون و غیرسترون کاهش داد. همچنین، در شرایط خاک سترون و غیرسترون، تیمار بذری متأثر از P. oligandrum در مقایسه با شاهد، به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 64 و43 درصد، وقوع بیماری مرگ گیاهچه را کاهش داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| چغندرقند؛ مرگ گیاهچه؛ پیتیوم؛ رایزوکتونیا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The efficacy of Pythium oligandrum in the biological control of Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sugar beet damping-off under greenhouse conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fariborz Farrokhi1؛ Mohammad Hajian Shahri2؛ Mohammad Salari3؛ Hamid Rouhani4 | ||
| 1Departemant of Plant Protection, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Sugar beet is one of the most important crops in Iran. Damping-off, root rot and leaf blight diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) rank first in sugar beet yield reduction. Since soilborne fungi chemical control have ecological consecutions, therefore in this study, six strains of Pythium oligandrum were isolated from sugar beet fields soil in Khorasan Razavi province to be used as biological control agents. These isolates have already shown 32.09-71.36inhibitory effect on R. solani under laboratory conditions. Selected isolates were evaluated using pasteurized and non-pasteurized soil under greenhouse conditions, by adding antagonistic fungi to the soil and seed coating with oospore (seed treatment) methods. This study was consisted of five separate experiments with five to six treatments each with four replicates. All experimrnts were conducted in a randomized complete block desgin. The results showed that among the antagonists Torbat-jam isolate had the most reducing effects on sugar beet damping-off disease. Adding P. oligandrum inoculum to the soil containing R. solani increased sugarbeet seed germination compared to the control and reduced the damping-off disease in both pasteurized and non-pasteurized soil by 66% and 36% respectively. Sugarbeet seed coating by oospores of P. oligandrum increased sugarbeet seed germination while reduced damping-off disease in both pasteurized and non-pasteurized soil by 64 and 43% respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| sugar beet, damping-off, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium oligandrum | ||
| مراجع | ||
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