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بررسی تأثیر عصاره‌ی آبی مغز دانه‌ی چریش روی نرخ بقاء پوره‌ی سن دو و بالغ Retithrips syriacus و میزان خسارت ناشی از آن‌ها | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 2، شماره 2، اسفند 1393، صفحه 35-46 اصل مقاله (441.73 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2015.102996 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید عسکری سیاهوئی* 1؛ فاطمه طالع‌پور2؛ راحله غوثی3 | ||
| 1مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی هرمزگان، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، بندرعباس. | ||
| 2بخش گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان. | ||
| 3دانشگاه جامع علمی-کاربردی، مرکز آموزش جهاد کشاورزی بندرعباس | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مصرف حشره‌کش‌های استحصالی از چریش برای کنترل آفات قدمت طولانی دارد. در این پژوهش، اثر کشندگی و ضدتغذیه‌ای محلول 1، 2، 5 و 10 درصد عصاره‌ی آبی استحصال شده از مغز دانه‌ی چریش و غلظت‌های1، 2، 3 و 5 در هزار حشره‌کش تجاری نیکونیم (آزادیراختین یک درصد) روی مراحل پوره‌ی سن دو و بالغRetithrips syriacus مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مرگ و میر حشرات بهطور روزانه ثبت و محل تغذیه‌ی حشرات به‌عنوان شاخص ایجاد خسارت، شمارش شد. آزمایش به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 9 تیمار و یک شاهد در 4 تکرار انجام و نتایج حاصل با استفاده از نرم افزار R ver. 2.15.1 تجزیه شد. نتایج نشان داد که دو تیمار 5 و 10 درصد عصاره‌ی آبی، میزان بقاء حشره‌ی بالغ را بهطور معنی‌داری به‌ترتیب به 03/3 و 34/3 و پوره‌ها را به 36/3 و 82/2 روز در مقایسه با شاهد (6/7 و 32/8 روز) کاهش دادند. تأثیر فرمولاسیون تجاری بیشتر از عصاره‌ی آبی بود و بیشترین اثر را در تیمارهای 3 و 5 در هزار داشت که میانگین بقاء حشره‌ی کامل را به‌ترتیب به 54/1 و 52/1 و پوره‌ها را به 14/2 و 64/1 روز در مقایسه با شاهد (15/9 و 25/7 روز) کاهش داد. همچنین بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی تغذیه مربوط به حشره‌کش تجاری بود و برخی تیمارهای عصاره‌ی آبی فقط روی پوره‌ها اثر بازدارندگی تغذیه بالایی داشتند. در مجموع می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که ترکیبات استحصالی از چریش پتانسیل خوبی برای کاهش نرخ بقاء و میزان خسارت تریپس‌ها دارند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| چریش؛ آزادیراختین؛ تریپس؛ Retithrips syriacus؛ بازدارندگی تغذیه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study on the effects of aqueous neem seed extract on the leaf damage and longevity of 2nd instar nymph and adult stages of Retithrips syriacus | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majeed Askari Seyahooei1؛ Fatemeh Talepour2؛ Raheleh Ghosii3 | ||
| 1Head of plant protection department | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Neem extract has been used as a botanical pesticide with a long history in the world. In this study, we compared lethal and antifeedant effects of 1, 2, 5 and 10 percent of neem seed water extract with 1, 2, 3 and 5 ml/litter of a neem based pesticide with 1% Azadirachtin (NicoNeem) on Retithrips syriacus. This experiment was conducted with a completely random design with 9 treatments and one control each with four replications. Mortality of the insect was recorded and damage points were counted as damage criteria. The obtained data were analyzed using R ver. 2.15.1 statistical softawre. Both water extract and neem-based pesticide reduced longevity of insect significantly. Two of the most effective treatments of water extracts at 5 and 10 percent reduced longevity of adult insect respectively to 3.03 and 3.34 and nymphs to 3.36 and 2.82 in comparison with the control (7.6 and 8.32). Two high concentrated of neem-based pesticide (3 and 5ml/Li) also reduced longevity of adult respectively to1.54 and 1.52 and nymphs to 2.14 and 1.64 compared with those of control (9.15 and 7.25). In comparing antifeedant effects, all neem-based pesticide treatments showed significantly higher effect in comparison with the water extracts. Based on thes eresults, we can conclude that in thirips population management neem-based pesticides are the most effective products to reduce longevity and leaf damage of thrips on the plants. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Neem, Azadirachtin, Retithrips syriacus, thrips, Antifeedant effect | ||
| مراجع | ||
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