Boissier, E. 1867: Papaver in Flora Orientalis vol: 1: 105-118. –Basileae & Genevae.
Cullen, J.1966: Papaver in K. H. Rechinger(ed.) Flora Iranica no.34: 10-27. -Akademische druck- verlags ansalt, Graz-Austria.
Fedde F. 1909: Papaver in A. Engler Das Pflanzenreich IV. 104: 288-386. –Leipzig.
Hoot, S. B., Kadereit, J. W., Blattner, F. R., Jork, K. B., Schwarzbach, A. & Crane, P. R. 1997: Data congruence and the phylogeny of the Papaveraceae s. l. based on four data sets: atpB and rbcL sequences, trnK restriction site variation, and morphological characters. -Syst. Bot. 22: 575 - 590.
Hutchinson, J. 1974: The Families of Flowering plants. -Oxford. Univ. Press.
Judd, W. S., Campbell, C. S., Kelloge, E. A., Stevens, P. F. 1999: Plant Systematic A phylogenetic approach. - Sinaur Associates , Inc, USA.
Kadereit J. W. 1986a.: A revision of Papaver section Argemonidium. -Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 44: 25–43.
Kadereit J. W. 1986b: A revision of Papaver L. sect Papaver (Papaveraceae). -Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 108: 1–16.
Kadereit, J. W. 1988: Sectional affinities and geographical distribution in the genus Papaver L. (Papaveraceae). - Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 63: 139-156.
Kadereit, J. W. 1993: A revision of Papaver L. sect. Meconidium Spach. - Edinburgh Journal of Botany 50: 125-148.
Kadereit, J. W., Blattner, F.R., Jork, K.B. & Schwarzbach, A. 1995: The Phylogeny of Papaveraceae s. l.; morphological, geographical and ecological implication in Jensen, U. & Kadereit, J. W. (ed) Systematic and evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. –Pl. Syst. Evol. Suppl. 9. 133-145.
Kadereit, J. W., Jork, K. B. & Schwarzbach, A. 1997: The phylogeny of Papaver s. l.: Polyphyly or monophyly? - Pl. Syst. Evol. 204: 75 - 98.
Norusis, M. J. 1999: SPSS 9.0 , guide to data analysis. -Amazoon, Chicago.
Popov, M. G. 1937: Papaveraceae in V. L. Komarov Flora of the USSR 7: 573-717 (English translation). -Moskva & Leningrad.
Rachele, D. R. 1974: Pollen morphology of the Papaveraceae of the Nothern United States and Canada, pp.152-159.
Sariyar , G. 2002. Biodiversity in the alkaloids of Turkish Papaver Species.-Pure Appl. Chem., vol. 74, No. 4, pp. 557–574.
Sharifnia, F., Heydarian, S. & Salimpour, F. 2008: Revision of Papaver macrostomumBoiss. andP. piptostigmaBienert ex Fedde in Iran. -Journal of Plant Sciences Researches Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch vol. 1, no 10: 32-41.
Takhtajan, A. L. 1997: Diversity and classification of flowering plants .-Columbia University Press. New York. 642pp.
Singh, V. 2004: Plant Systematic An integrated approach. - Science publication, USA.