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همهگیرشناسی بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی پنیه: تنوع بیماریزایی جدایههای قارچ Verticillium dahliae | ||
| پژوهش های پنبه ایران | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 2، شماره 2، آبان 1393، صفحه 59-73 اصل مقاله (389.27 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijcr.2015.102033 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| مرتضی عرب سلمانی* | ||
| استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور تعیین تنوع عامل بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی پنبه، تعداد 95 جدایه قارچ Verticillium dahliae Kleb. از خاک، پنبه، بــادنجـان، بامیه، خیار، پسته، کنجد، گوجه فرنگی و غوزک و ریزوسفر علفهای هرز داتوره، توق و تاجریزی سیاه جمعآوری شدند. خصوصیات بیماریزایی، مورفولوژیکی، بهترین دمای رشد و دامنه میزبانی وسازگاری رویشی جدایهها بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان دادکه جدایهها از نظر ایجاد علائم در پنبه و بامیه به دو گروه برگریز و غیر برگریز تقسیم شدند. جدایههایی که باعث برگریزی در پنبه شدند از نظر علائم در پنبه و بامــیه، مورفولوژی میکرواسکلروت در آب آگار، دامنه میزبانی، دمای بهینه رشد در محیط کشت PDA و سازگاری رویشی با جدایههای غیر برگریز متفاوت بودند. تنوع بیماریزایی درجدایههای غیر برگریز بیشترتر از جدایههای برگریز بود. بیماریزایی متقابل جدایههای جدا شده از میزبانهای مختلف نشان داد که اختصاصیت میزبانی در بین جدایههای مورد مطالعه وجود نداشت ولی شدت بیماریزایی متفاوت بود. سویه برگریز V. dahliae از پنبه، بادنجان و خاک از مناطق پنبهکاری خیر استهبان، کردکوی و ورامین جداسازی و مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. پنجاه و دو موتانت از 95 جدایه قارچ بدست آمد. بر اساس توان استفاده از منبع نیتروژن موتانتها به سه گروه نیت 1 (25%)، نیت 3 (12 %) و نیت ام (54 %) تقسیم شدند. نتایج نشان دادکه بر اساس سیستم میزبان ـ پاتوژن و علائم ایجاد شده در پنبه دو سویه برگریز و غیر برگریز ولی بر اساس سازگاری رویشی هشت گروه دربین جدایههای مورد مطالعه وجـــود دارد. ســویه برگریز در یک گروه و سویه غیر برگریز در هفت گروه دیگر سازگاری رویشی قرار گرفتند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی؛ سازگاری رویشی؛ تنوع بیماریزایی و پنبه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Epidemiology of verticillium wilt of cotton: Pathogenicity variation among isolates Verticillium dahlia | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Arabsalmani | ||
| Assistant Prof. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Tehran Province | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to determination of variability of pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae kleb., Ninety five isolates form soil, cotton, eggplant, okra, cucumber, pistachio, sesame, tomato, and wild hemp, and rhizospher of Datura stramonium, Xanthium sp. and Solanum nigrum were compared in respect to microsclerotial morphology,pathogenicity, host range, optimum temperature for growth and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs).The result showed that based on symptom in cotton and okra plants the isolates were divided in two defoliating and no defoliating strains which also differed in microsclerotial morphology on water agar, optimal temperature for growth on potato dexteros agar. The variability among no defoliating isolates were more than defoliating isolates. Although, there was not host specificity among isolates but observed various disease severity in cotton .The defoliating strains were collected from cotton, eggplant, sesame and soil in Estahban, Kord kuy and Varamin regions. From 52 nit mutants (54%) were obtained 95 isolates. Based on the ability to use different nitrogen sources the mutant were grouped into three phenotypic classes nit 1(25%), nit 3(12%) and nit M( 54%).The isolates were separated into different groups. Eight VCGs were recognized among nit mutants. All defoliating isolates were belonged to one VCG and rest of the isolated grouped in 7 VCGS. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Verticillium wilt, cotton, Vegetative Compatibility Groups | ||
| مراجع | ||
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