1.Alessandro B.D. , Antunez K. , Piccini C. , Zunino P. (2007) DNA extraction and PCRdetection of Paenibacillus larvae spores from naturally contaminated honey and bees using spore- decoating and freeze-thawing techniques.World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:593–597
2.Alippi A.M., Lopez A.C. & Aguilar O.M. (2004).A PCR-based method that permits specific detection of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the cause of American Foulbrood of honey bees, at the subspecies level. Applied Microbiology, 39 : 25–33
3.Alippi A.M., Lopez A.C. & Aguilar O.M. (2002). Differentiation of
Paenibacillus larvae subsp.
larvae, the cause of American foulbrood of honeybees, by using PCR and restriction fragment analysis of genes encoding 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68 (7): 3655-3660.
4.Antunez K.A., Alessandro B.D., Piccini C., Corbella E. & Zunino P. (2004).Paenibacillus larvae larvae spores in honey samples from Uruguay: a nationwide survey , Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 86 : 56–58
5. Bakonyi T., Derakhshifar I, Grabensteiner E., Nowotny N. (2003). Development and evaluation of PCR assays for the detection of Paenibacillus larvae in honey samples: comparison with isolation and biochemical characterization. Appl. Eviron. Microbiol., 69 (3):1504-1510.
- 6. Bailey, L. and Ball, B.V. (1991). Honey Bee Pathology. 2nd edn. Academic Press,London.
- Bailey, L., Lee, D.C. (1962). Bacillus larvae: its cultivation in vitro and its growth in vivo.(1962). J. Gen. Microbiol. 29 : 711 –717.
- Bakhiet, N., Stahly, D.P. (1985). Ultrastructure of sporulating Bacillus larvae in a broth medium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50 : 690– 692.
9. Davidson, E.W. (1973). Ultrastructure of AFB disease pathogenesis in larvae of the worker bee, Apis mellifera. J. lnvertebr. Pathol.. 21 : 53-61.
10. Heyndrickx, M., Vandemeulebroecke, K., Hoste, B., Janssen, P., Kersters, K., De Vos, P., Logan, N. A., Ali, N. & Berkeley, R. (1996).Reclassification of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) pulvifaciens (Nakamura 1984) Ash et al. 1994, a later subjective synonym of Paenibacillus (formerly Bacillus) larvae (White 1906) Ash et al. 1994, as a subspecies of P. larvae, with emended descriptions of P. larvae as P. larvae subsp. larvae and P. larvae subsp. pulvifaciens. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46 : 270–279.
11. Govan, V. A., M. H. Allsopp, and S. Davison. (1999). A PCR detection methodfor rapid identification of Paenibacillus larvae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.65:2243– 2245
12. Graff de Dirk C.,Vandekerchove D., Dobbellaere W., Peeters J.E.,Jacobs F.J. (2001). Influence of the proximity of American Foulbrood cases and apicultural management on the prevalence of Paenibacillus larvae spores in Belgian honey.Apidologie 32: 587-599.
13.Gregorc, A., Bowen, I.D., (1998). Histopathological and histochemical changes in honeybee larvae (Apis mellifera L.) after infection with Bacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood disease. Cell Biol. Int. 22:137– 144.
14.Krystyana P., Andrezej B. (2008). Occurrence of Paenibacillus larvae spores in honey samples domestic apiaries.J. apicultural science.52 (2):105-111
15. Lipinski Z., Szubtarski J., Szubtarska D., Kasztelewicz J. (2007).The contamination of winter stores and early spring honey with spores of Paenibacilluslarvae in Polish apiaries of the Malopolska – provice. Polish J.Vet.Sci. 10(2): 71-74
16. Modirrousta H., Moharrami M., Torkaman M.(2012). Development of PCR method for diagnosing of honey bee American Foulbrood disease. Archives of Razi Institute,Vol. 67, No.1:1-5
17.Neuendorf S. Hedtke K, Tangen G. and Genersch E. (2004).Biochemical characterization of different genotypes of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, a honey bee bacterial pathogen. Microbiology, 150: 2381–2390
18. OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (2010).
Part 2 , Section 2.2 , Chapter 2.2.2
19. Pernal S.F., Melathopoulos a.p. (2006).Monitoring for American Foulbroodspores from honey and bee samples in canada.Apiacta. 41: 99-109.
20. Piccini C., D'Alessandro B., Antunez K. & Zunino P. (2002). Detection of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. Larvae spores in naturally infected bee larvae and artificially contaminated honey by PCR.World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 18 : 761- 765.
21. Ritter W. (2003). Early detection of American foulbrood by honey and wax analysis.
Apiacta, 38: 125–130.
22. Schuch .M.T., Madden R.H. & Sattler A. (2001). An improved method for thedetection and presumptive identification of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae spores
in honey. J. Apicult. Res., 40(2): 59–64.
23. Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F., Maniatis T. (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratorymanual, 2nd edn. ColdSpringHarbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
24. Von der ohe W. & Dustmann J.H. (1997). Efficient prophylactic measures against American foulbrood bybacteriological analysis of honey for spore contamination.Am.Bee J., 137(8): 603–606.