| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,998 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,576 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,216,123 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,565,881 |
بررسی پاسخ های دفاعی گیاهچه پنبه به الیسیتورهای قارچ تریکودرما | ||
| پژوهش های پنبه ایران | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 2، شماره 1، خرداد 1393، صفحه 1-17 اصل مقاله (885.67 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijcr.2014.100641 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه آزاد دیسفانی* 1؛ حمید روحانی2؛ ماهرخ فلاحتی رستگار2؛ عصمت مهدیخانی مقدم3 | ||
| 1استادیار موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور | ||
| 2استاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3دانشیار دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری مرگ گیاهچه یکی از بیماری‌‌های مهم پنبه در مناطق مختلف کشور می باشد که همه ساله خسارت زیادی به مزارع پنبه‌کاری وارد می نماید. اخیراً، گونه‌های تریکودرما به عنوان یکی از روش‌های کنترل بیولوژیکی مرگ گیاهچه در نظر گرفته شده است. مهم‌ترین مکانیسم بیوکنترلی تریکودرما تحریک سیستم دفاعی گیاه است. در این بررسی ترشحات خارج سلولی دو جدایه متعلق به قارچ Trichoderma virense جدایه A224، بعنوان جدایه برتر و آنتاگونیست علیه قارچ Rhizoctonia solani عامل بیماری مرگ گیاهچه پنبه و جدایه A442 بعنوان جدایه غیر موثر در بیوکنترل مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. بررسی تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و میزان گوسیپول عصاره ریشه‌چه پنبه بعنوان معیارهایی در بررسی خصوصیات تحریک کنندگی (الیسیتوری) ترشحات خارج سلولی با استفاده از روش‌های کالریمتری و دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. در نهایت برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و فیزیکی مواد القاء‌کننده مقاومت در ترشحات خارج سلولی نیز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در بررسی‌های آزمایشگاهی مشخص گردید ترشحات خارج سلولی جدایه تریکودرما A224 موثر در بیوکنترل، در مقایسه با جدایه غیر موثر در بیوکنترل (جدایه تریکودرما A442) باعث القاء ترکیبات مرتبط با دفاع (فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و میزان گوسیپول) در ریشه‌چه پنبه گردید. در این بررسی مشخص گردید، الیسیتورهای موجود در این ترشحات مقاوم به حرارت، غیر قابل حل در کلروفرم و حساس به پروتئینازk بودند. از آنجایی که این الیسیتورها به پروتئینازk حساسیت نشان دادند می‌توان پی به ماهیت پروتئینی یا گلیکوپروتئینی این ترکیبات برد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| الیسیتور؛ پاسخ دفاعی؛ تریکودرما؛ مرگ گیاهچه پنبه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Defense responses of cotton seedling to Trichoderma elicitors | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| F. Azad Disfani1؛ H. Rohani2؛ M. Falahati Rastegar2؛ E. Mahdikhani Moghaddam3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Seedling damping-off is a major disease of cotton in various areas of Iran that damages to cotton fieldsevery year.Recently,Trichoderma spp. areconsidered as one of the biological agents forseedling damping-off controll.Induction of plant defensive system is the most important mechanism to biocontrol ofTrichoderma spp. In this study, extra-cellular flouids derived from culture filtrates of two isolatesof Trichoderma virensaseffective biocontrol on cotton seedling damping-offcausedby Rhozoctonia solaniisolate A224 andnoneffective biocontrolisolateA442 were studied. The characteristics of elicitation activity were assayed by peroxidase and gossypol level of rootlet extracts and were evaluated by colorimetric methods and spectrophotometer. Biochemical and physical aspects of elicitore compounds of culture filtrates were measured too.The results showed that culture filtrates from effective biocontrol isolate A224 of Trichoderma virens was found to stimulate elicitore compounds (peroxidase and gossypol) in cotton radicle than noneffective biocontrolisolateA442 of T.virens.The results confirmedthese elicitors were found to be heat stable, insoluble in chloroformand sensitive to treatment by proteinase K. The elicitors are most likely proteins or glycoproteins. | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Chen, C., Belanger, R.R., Benhamou, N., and Paulitz, T.C. 2000. Defense enzymes induced in cucumber roots by treatment with palnt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Pythium aphanidermatum.Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 56:13-23.
Djonovic, S. and Kenerly, C.M. 2005. Role of two secreted proteins from Trichoderma virens in mycoparasitism and induction of plant resistance.PhD teesis submitted to the office of graduated studies of Texas A & M University. 217 Pp.
Fric, F. 1976. Oxidative enzymes.In: Heitefuss, R. & P.H. Williams (Eds), Encyclopedia of plant physiology, Vol. 4, Springer-verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York. Pp: 617-631.
Hamdullahzadeh, A. 1989. Survay of cotton diseases in Gorgan, Final report designe, Agricultural research center of Golestan province. 42 Pp.
Hammand-Kosack, E. and Jones, D.G.I.J. 1996. Resistance gene-dependent plant. The Plant Cell, 8: 1773-1791.
Harman, G.E. 2000. Myths and dogmas of biocontrol. Changes in perception derived from research on Trichoderma harzianum T22. Plant Disaeses, 84: 377-393.
Hohn, M.G. 1996. Microbial elicitors and their receptors in plants. Annual Review Phytopathology, 34:387-412.
Hanson, L.E. and Howell C.R. 2004. Elicitors of plant responses from biocontrol strains of Trichoderma virens.Phytopathology, 94:171-174.
Hanson, L.E. 2000. Reductions of Verticillium wilt symptoms in cotton following seed treatment with Trichoderma virens. Journal of Cotton Science, 4: 224-231.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. and Lorito, M. 2004. Trichoderma species opportunistic, virulent plant symbionts. Nature Reviews, 2: 43-56.
Hillocks, R.J. 1992. Cotton Diseases. C.A. B International Wallingford. UF. 415pp.
Howell, C.R., Devay, J.E. and Batson, W.E. 1997. Field control of cotton seedling diseases with Trichoderma virens in combination with fungicide seed treatment. Journal of Cotton Science, 1:15-20.
Howell, C.R., Hanson, L.E., Stipanovic, R.D. and Puckhaber, L.S. 2000. Induction of terpenoid synthesis in cotton roots and control of Rhizoctonia solani by seed treatment with Trichoderma virens. Phytopathology, 90: 284-252.
Hron, R.J. 1990. Determination of free and total gossypol by HPLC. Journal of Ammerican Oil Chemistry Society, 67: 182-187.
Hron, R.J. 1987. The potential commercial aspects of gossypol by HPLC. Journal of Ammerican Oil Chemistry Society, 64: 1315-1319.
Huet, J.C., Nespoulous, C., and Pernollet, J.C. 1992. Structures of elicitin isoforms secreted by Phytophthora drechsleri. Phytochemistry, 31:1471-1476.
Kogel, G., Beissmann, B., Reisener, H.J., and Kogel, K.H. 1988. A single glycoprotein from Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici cell walls elicits the hypersensitive lignification response in wheat. Physiological Molecular Plant Pathology, 33:173-185.
Liu, J. and Ekramoddoullah, A.K.M. 2006. The family 10 of plant pathogenesis-related proteins: Their structure, regulation, and function in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 68:3–13.
Mann, G.E., Carter, F.L., Frampton, V.L., Watts, A.B., and Johnston, C. 1962. Evaluation of cotton seed meals prepared by solvent extraction with acetone- hexane- water. Journal of Ammerican Oil Chemistry Society, 39: 85-90.
Melero-Vara, J.M. and Jimenez-Dias, R.M. 1990. Etiology, incidence and distribution of cotton seedling damping-off in southern Spain.Plant Disaese, 74: 597-600.
Monte, E. 2001. Understanding Trichoderma: between biotechnology and microbial ecology. International of Microbiology, 4:1-4.
Namdeo, A.G. 2007. Plant cell elicitation for production of secondary metabolites. .Pharmacognosy Reviews, 1: 69-79.
Nespoulous, C., Huet, J.C., and Pernollet, J.C. 1992. Structure-function elationships of and elicitins, signal proteins involved in the plant–Phytophthora interaction. Planta, 186:551-557.
Peng, M. and Kuc, J.A. 1992. Peroxidase- generated hydrogen peroxide as a source of antifungal activity in vitro and on tobacco leaf disks. Phytopathology, 82: 696-699.
Pernollet, J.C., Sallantin, M., Salle-Tourne, M., and Huet, J.C. 1993. Elicitin isoforms from seven Phytophthora species: Comparison of theihysico-chemical properties and toxicity to tobacco. 2002. Molecular biology of fungal development. Marcel Dekker, New York. 607 pp.
Smit, F. and Durbey, I.A. 1997. Cell wall reinforcement in cotton hypocotyls in response to a Verticillium dahliae elicitor. Phytochemistry, 44: 811-815.
Stoll, V.S. and Blanchard, J.S. 1990. Buffers: Principles and practice.Pp. 24-38 in M.P. Deutscher (Edi). Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 182: Guide to protein purification. Academic Press, San Diego.
Triplett, B.A., Moss, S.C., Bland, J.M. and Dowd, M.K. 2008. Induction of hairy root cultures from Gossypium barbadense to produce gossypl and related ompounds. In Vitro Cell. Developmental Biology - Plant, 44:508-517.
Trushina, N., Mukherjee, P.K., Kenerley, C.M. and Horwitz, B.A. 2010. Expression of small secreted proteins in response to co-culture of Trichoderma virens with maize roots. Pp: 42. BARD Workshop. Trichoderma (Molecular mechanisms and applications of biocontrol in Agriculture). Technion, Haifa, Israel. October 12-15, 68 Pp.
Tseng, S.C., Liu, S.Y., Yang, H.H., Lo, C.T., and Peng, K.C. 2008. Proteomic study of biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum T323 in response to Rhizoctonia solani. Jornal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56: 6914-6922.
Van Loon, L.C., Bakker, C. and Pieters, C.M. 1998. Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria. Annual review of Phytopathology, 36: 453-483.
Vidhyasekaran, D. 2002. Bacterial disease resistance in plants. CRC Press. 492Pp.
Watkins, S.E., and Waldroup, P.W. 1994. Reduction in dietary nutrient density level improves acceptance of cotton seed meal by broiler. The Poultry Science, 3:7-16.
Woo, S.L., Scala, F., Ruocco, M., and Lorito, M. 2006. The molecular bilogy of the interactions between Trichoderma spp., phytopathogenic fungi, and plants. Phytopathology, 96: 181-185.
Yedidia, I., Behamou, N., and Chet, I. 1999. Induction of defense responses in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) by the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65: 1061-1070.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,424 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,058 |
||