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ارزیابی جدایه های بومی Trichoderma spp در کنترل بیولوژیک قارچ Botrytis cinerea عامل بیماری پوسیدگی خاکستری توت‌فرنگی | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 1، شماره 2، مهر 1392، صفحه 55-74 اصل مقاله (321.56 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2013.100609 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شهرام نعیمی* 1؛ رسول زارع2 | ||
| 1آزمایشگاه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آمل، مؤسسه‌ی تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور- تهران | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات رستنی‌ها، مؤسسه‌ی تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور- تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پوسیدگی خاکستری با عامل Botrytis cinereaیکی از مهمترین بیماری‌های توت‌فرنگی در گلخانه، مزرعه و در دوره‌ی پس از برداشت می‌باشد. برای کنترل این بیماری مقدار زیادی از قارچ‌کش‌های مختلف مصرف می‌شود. یکی از راهکارهای جایگزین برای قارچ‌کش‌های شیمیایی، استفاده از عوامل میکروبی مفید می‌باشد. جدایه‌های قارچی جنس Trichoderma از میکروارگانیسم‌های غالب میکروفلور خاک بوده و با مکانیسم‌های متنوع، بیمارگرهای گیاهی مختلف را کنترل می‌کنند. در این مطالعه، جدایه‌های بومی تریکودرما از مزارع توت‌فرنگی استان مازندران جداسازی و با روشهای ریخت‌شناسی و مولکولی شناسایی شدند. پتانسیل جدایه‌های بومی تریکودرما در کنترل B. cinereaو بیماری پوسیدگی خاکستری در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار ارزیابی شد. در آزمایش کشت متقابل، اغلب جدایه‌ها روی پرگنه B. cinerea رشد نمودند و در آنجا به‌فراوانی تولید اسپور کردند. بیش از 66 درصد از جدایه‌های تریکودرما به‌عنوان آنتاگونیست قوی ارزیابی شدند. به‌استثنای چند جدایه، اغلب جدایه‌های تریکودرما کم و بیش باعث تجزیه (لیز) شدن سختینههای بیمارگر شدند. 5/43 درصد جدایه‌ها به‌طور کامل سختینهها را تجزیه کردند. در آزمون اثر متابولیتهای فرّار، تعدادی از تیمارها از نظر کاهش رشد بیمارگر با یکدیگر اختلاف معنیدار داشتند و حداکثر میزان ممانعت از رشد میسلیومی بیمارگر توسط جدایه‌های تریکودرما 55 درصد بود. در آزمایش تأثیر عصاره‌ی کشت، تعدادی از تیمارها در دو غلظت (1 و 6 میلیلیتر) و در دو زمان (48 و 96 ساعت) با یکدیگر اختلاف معنیداری نشان دادند و درصد ممانعت از رشد میسلیومی بیمارگر به‌بیش از 71 درصد (غلظت 5 درصد عصاره‌ی کشت) و 85 درصد (غلظت 30 درصد عصاره‌ی کشت) رسید. نتایج آزمون گلخانه‌ای نشان داد که درصد آلودگی در کلیهی تیمارها در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش یافته است. همچنین مقادیر کمترین و بیشترین درصد آلودگی 5/53 و 7/70 درصد بود که به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای T. harzianum MS6-2 و TRICHO-MIX HV بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیماری کپک خاکستری؛ تریکودرما؛ توت‌فرنگی؛ بیوکنترل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of indigenous Trichoderma spp. isolates in biological control of Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of strawberry gray mold disease | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shahram Naeimi1؛ Rasoul Zare2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is the most important disease of strawberry in the greenhouse and in the field worldwide. The disease is also a serious problem during storage, transit and marketing stages. Nowadays, fungicide application is the most common strategy to control this disease. Consequently, strawberries are among the crops which may be contaminated with pesticide residues. Public concern about such residues in edible products and the environment, augmented by the practical problems arising from fungicide resistance in pathogen, has accelerated the search for the safe and effective alternative disease control strategies. One of the alternative strategies for the replacement of chemical methods could be biological control. Trichoderma species are ubiquitous fungi in soil with antagonistic activity against several plant pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate potential of indigenous Trichoderma strains against B. cinerea in in vitro and in the greenhouse. In dual culture tests, the majority of Trichoderma strains overgrew on B. cinerea colony with a high sporulation. More than 66% of strains were considered to be antagonists against B. cinerea. Furthermore, most strains were more or less capable of lysing sclerotia of the pathogen. The volatile metabolites of all Trichoderma strains significantly reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen but, the inhibition rate was not above 55%. Culture filtrates of all strains at two concentrations significantly prevented the mycelial growth with maximum rate of 71% and 85% for 1 and 6 ml concentrations, respectively. The results obtained in the greenhouse experiments showed that disease infection was decreased in all treatments comparing to contro. Meanwhile, lowest and highest disease incidence (53.5 and 70.7%) was recorded for T. harzianum MS6-2 and TRICHO-MIX HV, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| biocontrol, Fruit, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| مراجع | ||
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