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تأثیر باکتریWolbachia بر پاسخهای بویایی و قدرت پارازیتیسم زنبور Trichogramma brassicae در شرایط آزمایشگاهی | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 1، شماره 1، شهریور 1392، صفحه 65-79 اصل مقاله (278.7 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2013.100600 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شهرام فرخی* ؛ جلال شیرازی؛ محمدرضا عطاران | ||
| مؤسسه‌ی تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک | ||
| چکیده | ||
| زنبورهای تریکوگراما به عنوان پارازیتویید تخم و عامل کنترل بیولوژیک بال‌پولک‌داران زیانآور در سطح وسیعی مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. این زنبورهای هاپلودیپلویید دارای دو شیوهی تولیدمثلی شامل نرزایی و مادهزایی میباشند که مادهزایی آن‌ها اغلب به‌دلیل حضور باکتری Wolbachiaبه‌صورت هم‌زیست درون سلولی است. طی سالهای اخیر استفاده از زنبورهای مادهزا و جمعیتهای تکجنسی به عنوان شیوهای جهت افزایش کارایی کنترل بیولوژیک مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر این باکتری بر ویژگیهای رفتاری و قدرت پراکنش و میزان پارازیتیسم زنبورهای مادهزا، جمعیتهای دوجنسی (B) و مادهزای (BW+) زنبور Trichogramma brassicae(اکوتیپ بابلسر) در قالب آزمایشهای بویایی سنجی و همچنین رهاسازی روی بوتههای ذرت در دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس اتاق حرارت ثابت با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. نتایجی که با استفاده از بویاییسنج لولهای Y شکل بدست آمد، نشان داد که باکتری Wolbachia در زنبورهای مادهی اکوتیپ بابلسر که آلودگی آن به‌صورت مختلط میباشد، اثر منفی بر قدرت شناسایی و ردیابی رایحهی ناشی از آب و عسل و تخم میزبان واسط و نیز تولید فرمون جنسی آن‌ها تحمیل نمیکند. نتایج آزمایش رهاسازی نیز حاکی از آن است که تفاوت معنیداری بین تعداد تخم پارازیت شده به‌ازای هر زنبور ماده از جمعیتهای مورد آزمایش وجود ندارد. اما بر اساس محاسبات، با رهاسازی 100 عدد زنبور (شامل زنبورهای نر در جمعیت دوجنسی)، به‌طور میانگین تعداد دسته تخم بیشتری بهوسیلهی جمعیت مادهزا (01/6) در مقایسه با جمعیت دوجنسی (88/2) پارازیته میشود. در مجموع چنین نتیجهگیری میشود که رهاسازی این لاین مادهزای زنبور تریکوگراما در شرایط طبیعی میتواند از کارایی نسبی بیشتری در برنامههای کنترل بیولوژیک برخوردار باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Trichogramma brassicae؛ جمعیت تکجنسی؛ Wolbachia؛ بویاییسنج Y شکل؛ مادهزایی؛ پراکنش؛ ذرت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Wolbachia effect on olfactory responses and parasitism rate of Trichogramma brassicae in laboratory conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shahram Farrokhi؛ Jalal Shirazi؛ Mohammad Reza Attaran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Trichogramma wasps (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) are frequently used as egg parasitoid and biological control agent of lepidopteran pests. These haplodiploid wasps display two reproductive modes, including thelytoky and arrhenotoky. The thelytoky (unisexuality) are often associated with the presence of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria (α-proteobacteria). The use of thelytokous parasitoids has long been considered as a way to enhance the biocontrol efficacy. In this study a series of experiments were conducted to compare the behavioral aspects, dispersal potential and parasitism of thelytokous (BW+) and bisexual (B) Trichogramma brassicae strains (Baboulsar ecotype) at 25◦C in laboratory conditions. By using Y-tube olfactometer, it was observed that the Wolbachia infection in the Baboulsar strain (mixed population) neither affected the wasp's response to volatile odors of honey water solution and factitious host eggs nor did it interfere with female wasp's sex pheromone emission. Greenhouse release tests on corn plants, resulted in non significant differences between the strains taking the number of parasitized eggs per one female wasp into consideration. However, based on releasing 100 wasps (male and female in the case of bisexual), the number of egg masses parasitized by thelytokous T. brassicae (6.01) was significantly higher than B strain (2.88). Therefore, this thelytokous line of Trichogramma might be superior to bisexual conspecifics under more natural conditions and hence have a higher potential in pest control. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Trichogramma brassicae, unisexual, Wolbachia, Y-tube olfactometer, thelytoky, dispersal, Corn | ||
| مراجع | ||
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