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بررسی تأثیر برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک بر تولید رواناب و رسوب با استفاده از شبیه ساز باران | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 8، شماره 2، شهریور 1386، صفحه 1-16 اصل مقاله (569.66 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید محمودآبادی1؛ امیرحسین چرخابی2؛ حسینقلی رفاهی* 3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی علوم خاک دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2استادیار پژوهشی پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری | ||
| 3استاد گروه مهندسی علوم خاک دانشگاه تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در میان فرآیندهای مختلف تخریب اراضی، فرسایش خاک تهدیدیجدی برای منابع خاک و آب کشور است. خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک تأثیر مهمی بر تولید رواناب و رسوب دارند. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر برخی از این خواص در تولید رواناب، رسوب، و همچنین غلظت رسوب در شرایط صحرا انجام شد. آزمایشها روی خاکهای منطقه گُل‌آباد اردستان با متوسط بارندگی سالیانه حدود 170 میلی‌متر اجرا شد. به این منظور از یک بارانساز قابل حمل در صحرا و در 9 واحد همگن از منطقه با 3 تکرار (جمعاً در 27 پلات آزمایشی) استفاده شد. بارشی با شدت 35 میلی‌متر در ساعت به مدت 40 دقیقه روی پلات‌هایی با سطح یک متر مربع، شبیه‌سازی و نمونه‌های رواناب و رسوب در انتهای هر بارش جمع‌آوری شد. همچنین برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی شامل بافت خاک، سنگریزه در دو موقعیت (سطح و داخل خاک)، رطوبت اولیه و رطوبت در مکش های صفر، 03/0 و 5/1 مگاپاسکال، pH، EC، آهک و مادة آلی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که با افزایش میزان رس تولید رسوب و همچنین غلظت رسوب افزایش مییابد در حالی که بخش شن، تولید رواناب و رسوب را کاهش میدهد. با افزایش سنگریزة سطحی و سنگریزة داخل خاک، رواناب به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش میدهد. سنگریزة سطحی نقش مهمتری نسبت به سنگریزه داخل خاک نشان داد بهطوری که افزایش آن افزایش تولید رسوب را نیز به دنبال داشت. با افزایش رطوبت در مکشهای 03/0 و 5/1 مگاپاسکال، تولید رسوب و غلظت آن افزایش معنیداری نشان داد. افزایشpH باعث کاهش تولید رواناب شد. آهک به دلیل تشکیل سلة سطحی، افزایش فرسایش را به دنبال داشت. در مجموع، از میان خصوصیات بررسیشده، توزیع اندازه ذرات مهمترین عامل در کنترل رواناب و رسوب در خاکهای مورد مطالعه معرفی شد. | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Effect of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties on Runoff Generation and Sediment Yield Using Rainfall Simulator | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Among different land degradation processes, soil erosion is a serious threat to the soil and water resources in Iran. Soil physical and chemical properties have an important role in runoff and sediment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of some of these agents on sediment yield, runoff generation and sediment concentration, under interrill erosion process at the field. The experiments were done on Golabad soils, with annual precipitation of 170 mm. A portable rainfall simulator was used in 9 homogenous sites of the watershed with 3 replications (overall 27 plots). Rain intensity of 35 mm hr–1 for 40 minutes was run on 1m2 plots. Runoff and sediment samples were collected from each plot. Some of soil physical and chemical properties consisted of texture, gravel content in two positions, moisture content, pH, EC, CaCo3 and organic matter were determined. The results indicated that increasing clay content, sediment yield and its concentration increased while, sand fraction decreased runoff and sediment. Surface gravel had an important role in erosion control. Increasing surface and embedded gravel, runoff rate increased and decreased, respectively. Besides, due to surface gravel, sediment yield increased. There were positive and significant relations between moisture content at 0.03 and 1.5 MPa with sediment yield and its concentration. Among chemical properties, pH was entered into the regression model. Also, due to crusting, lime increased erosion. It was concluded that particle size distribution is the main factor which controls sediment yield, runoff generation and sediment concentration under interrill erosion processes in this arid soils. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| : Physical and Chemical Properties, rainfall simulator, runoff generation, sediment yield, Sediment Concentration, Surface and Embedded Gravel | ||
| مراجع | ||
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